The Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) test is a medical laboratory test that measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the blood. AFP is a protein produced by the liver and yolk sac during fetal development. In adults, AFP is produced by certain types of liver cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, and some non-cancerous conditions, such as liver cirrhosis or liver disease. The test is used to help diagnose and monitor liver cancer, particularly in people with risk factors such as chronic liver disease or cirrhosis.
The AFP test is usually performed in combination with other diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies and physical examination, to help diagnose liver cancer. The test can be used to screen for liver cancer in people with high-risk factors, as well as to monitor people who are already known to have liver cancer. The test can also be used to detect recurrence of liver cancer after treatment.
Results of the AFP test can be used to guide treatment decisions and monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Elevated levels of AFP can indicate the presence of liver cancer, while declining levels can indicate that treatment is effective. The test is generally safe and carries minimal risks, although it may not be suitable for people with certain medical conditions or who are taking certain medications.